This chapter discusses the history of the field of instructional design and technology in the United States. It does so by first discussing the history of instructional media. This section includes discussions of a variety of key events, including the development of school museums, instructional films, instructional radio, instructional television, theories of communication, and the use of computers for instructional purposes. Recent technological developments regarding instructional media and conclusions regarding the history of this area are also discussed. The chapter then focuses on the history of instructional design, discussing major events such as the origins of the field during World War II, the programmed instruction movement, initial work regarding behavioral objectives, criterion-referenced testing, and formative evaluation. Early instructional design models, the work of Robert Gagné, and recent developments in the field are also discussed.
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